What is Machine Learning: Definition, Types and Applications

Understanding machine learning is increasingly essential for personal and professional development in our data-driven world. But what exactly is machine learning?

In simple terms, machine learning is a subset of artificial intelligence (AI) that uses data and algorithms to enable AI to imitate the way that humans learn, gradually improving its accuracy. 

Imagine a digital brain that can identify patterns, make predictions, and even take actions based on the data it is fed. The more data it analyses, the better it becomes at recognising patterns and making accurate predictions. This is the essence of machine learning.

What are the Different Types of Machine Learning?

There are 4 primary types of machine learning, each with its own learning methodology:

1. Supervised Learning 

The algorithm is trained on a labelled data set, where the correct answers (labels) are provided. The algorithm learns to associate inputs with outputs, and can then make predictions on new, unseen data. 

For example, spam detection in email involves training a model with emails labelled as “spam” or “not spam”. Over time, the model learns to classify new emails based on its training.

2. Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning deals with unlabelled data. Here, the system attempts to identify underlying patterns or groupings without prior knowledge of what the output should be. Clustering and association are common techniques. 

For example, customer segmentation in marketing uses unsupervised learning to group customers with similar behaviours or characteristics.

3. Semi-Supervised Learning

Semi-supervised learning is a blend of supervised and unsupervised learning. It uses a small amount of labelled data and a high volume of unlabelled data. This approach can be particularly useful when labelling data is expensive or time-consuming. 

For example, take image recognition. Only some images are labelled, and the system generalises from this limited information.

4. Reinforcement Learning

The algorithm learns by interacting with an environment, receiving feedback in the form of rewards or penalties, and adjusting its actions accordingly. 

For example, autonomous vehicles use reinforcement learning to navigate and make driving decisions based on real-time traffic conditions and obstacles.

Real-World Applications of Machine Learning

Machine learning is no longer confined to research labs; it is being integrated into our daily lives. Its versatility extends across various industries, revolutionising processes and creating new possibilities.

Here are 5 notable applications of machine learning:

1. Autonomous Vehicles

Self-driving cars rely heavily on machine learning to interpret sensor data, identify objects, and make split-second decisions. Using sensors and cameras, the vehicle collects real-time data, which the machine learning model processes to navigate safely and comply with traffic rules.

2. Healthcare 

Machine learning algorithms can analyse medical images, predict disease outbreaks, and personalise treatment plans based on individual patient data. They can also assist in diagnosing diseases. For instance, machine learning models can detect early signs of diseases like cancer and predict patient outcomes based on historical data, enhancing diagnostic accuracy and treatment planning.

3. Finance 

Banks and financial institutions use machine learning for algorithmic trading and credit risk assessment. Machine learning models are also used to detect fraudulent transactions by analysing patterns and anomalies in transaction data. These systems can identify unusual behaviour that may indicate fraud, enabling quick and effective intervention.

4. Natural Language Processing (NLP)

The technology behind chatbots like ChatGPT and voice assistants like Siri is rooted in machine learning. NLP allows computers to understand and generate human language, opening up a world of possibilities for communication and information retrieval. 

5. Personalised Marketing

The “You might also like” suggestions on streaming platforms and online stores are powered by machine learning algorithms that analyse your behaviour and preferences. Businesses use machine learning to tailor advertisements, recommend products, and create personalised shopping experiences, ultimately helping to increase engagement and sales.

Embracing the Power of Machine Learning

From revolutionising healthcare to transforming transportation, machine learning’s potential is seemingly limitless. It is transforming industries by enabling systems to learn from data and make intelligent decisions, and its applications demonstrate its potential to solve complex problems and improve efficiencies. As technology evolves, the demand for machine learning expertise grows, making it a valuable skill for future careers.

If you’re intrigued by machine learning and the power of data and its possibilities, consider a master’s degree in data science for career advancement.

Why Study a Master of Data Science at Sunway University?

Sunway University Online’s Master of Data Science is Malaysia’s first 100% online data science programme, enabling students to enjoy maximum flexibility in their postgraduate learning journey and paving the way to personal and professional success.

Comprehensive Skill Set: Gain an in-depth understanding of data science concepts, theories, and tools across crucial areas such as statistical methods, programming, big data management, and data visualisation. 

Career Opportunities: Access rewarding and in-demand positions in existing industries alongside exciting emerging roles, such as machine learning engineer, data broker, data ethicist, data scientists, and visual specialists.  

Cutting-Edge Knowledge: Learn from an experienced team of educators and industry experts with global experience in data, furnished with thought leadership and real-world case studies for knowledge that is not just up to date, but highly applicable. 

Networking and Collaboration: Create connections in industry and leverage different types of data-related expertise in your professional network to boost your professional standing and accelerate your career trajectory.  

Take your career in data science to the next level with Sunway University Online’s pioneering Master of Data Science. Schedule a call with our Education Counsellors today for a free, no-obligation eligibility check.